FTA, acronym of Fault Tree Analysis, also known as Fault Tree Diagram is a systematic approach used to determine the various combinations of hardware and software failures and human errors that could cause undesired events using a graphical representation.
It is a top-down (deductive) approach that starts with a "top level" event that represents the error and digs deeper, layer by layer, repeating the same basic question until the root causes are identified. This technique is used mainly in the software development, aerospace, engineering and high-hazard industries for debugging purposes and to determine data quality issues and their causes.